The "Object-as-a-Service" paradigm

International audienceThe increasing interest about the Internet of Things (IoT) is almost as remarkable than its practical absence in our everyday lives. Announced as the new breakthrough in IT industry, the domain is characterized by a large number of architecture propositions that are in charge of providing a structure for applications creation. These architectures are needed because of the heterogeneity of stakeholders involved in IoT Applications. Programming languages, operating systems, hardware specificities, processing power, memory, network organization, characteristics, constraints, the world of IoT is so diverse. Furthermore, these architectures should provide an easy access to users that are not aware of IT technologies involved. The Services Oriented Computing (SOC) has shown in the past its relevance to the decoupling constraints interoperability among stakeholders. The composition of loosely coupled services facilitates the integration of very varied elements and provides agility in the creation of new applications. But unlike the approach inherited from the SOC in pre-existing services are composed to obtain a specific application, we propose a more dynamic notion of service. Our "Object-as-a-Service" point of view is based on the notion of building dynamically the service needed on each Object and then integrate it in the whole composition. This paper focus on the gain of this approach for the IoT by promoting the "Object-as-a-Service" paradigm as a basis for the creation of dynamic and agile user-made applications

BeC3: a Crowd-Centric Composition Testbed for the Internet of Things

International audience—With the emergence of IoT devices, such as smart-phones, temperature and light devices, etc., the ways of creating IoT applications has changed. IoT applications are often created and managed by a set of central points (orchestration) for different users. However, users may desire to create and manage their own applications based on their own logic in a decentralized way (choreography). Hence, in this paper, we demonstrate BeC3, a tool for creating and deploying Crowd-based applications using the choreography method. BeC3 is based on D-LiTE, a lightweight RESTful virtual machine designed for IoT devices. The users could then compose the D-LiTe-enabled devices using the BeC3 tool. BeC3 provides a simple and intuitive way to compose interaction between IoT components

Multi-Tenancy in Decentralised IoT

International audience—Since the Internet of Things (IoT) has become more and more important, new solutions should be proposed in order to adapt the specificities introduced by this interconnection of the physical world (Sensors and Actuators) and the public networks (The Internet). Some of these solutions use a Cloud approach. The amount of data collected by Things rises the interest of the Big-Data community. The main design chosen for the IoT is the centralisation of all data collected and a central treatment of these data. But another approach is to decentralise the data processing, in order to dramatically lighten the network and limit the exchange to a reduced set of semantic messages. This decentralised architecture has assets in term of confidentiality, data ownership and energy saving. But then, how to share things among users, and keep the control? If computing is done on each object, how a user can integrate public objects in its own application, as these objects are used by some other users? How to organise access to the sensors and actuators provided by these objects? This paper proposes an architecture that gives multi-tenant capability to IoT decentralised applications, in which users are using and sharing their objects. A generic architecture is described, and integrated in our IoT platform as an example

Fault-recovery and Coherence in Internet of Things Choreographies

International audienceFacilitating the creation of Internet of Things (IoT) applications is a major concern to increase its development. D-LITe, our previous work, is a framework for that purpose. In D-LITe, Objects are considered as part of a whole application. They offer a REST web service that describes Object capabilities, receives the logic to be executed, and interacts with other stakeholders. Then, the complete application is seen as a choreography dynamically deployed on various objects. But the main issue of choreographies is the loss of coherence. Because of their unreliability, some networks used in IoT may introduce de-synchronization between Objects, leading to errors and failures. In this paper, we propose a solution to re-introduce coherence in the application, in order to keep the advantages of choreography while dealing with this main issue. An overlay of logical check-points at the application layer defines links between the coherent states of a set of objects and triggers re-synchronization messages. Correcting statements are thus spread through the network, which enables fault recovery in Choreographies. This paper ends with a comparison between the checking cost and the reliability improvement

SALT: a Simple Application Logic description using Transducers for Internet of Things

International audienceAs the Internet of Things (IoT) grows in interest from both research and industrial parts, the lack of standard solutions to quickly and easily build and install IoT applications becomes a topic of high interest. In this paper, we introduce a language called SALT (Simple Application Logic description using Transducers) that allows describing and deploying the distributed logic needed in order to fulfil a complete desired application. This language aims at giving extended functionalities by filling the gap between the logical capabilities offered by services orchestration and the closeness efficiency of services choreography. SALT is interpreted by a virtual machine running on devices that introduces an abstraction layer in order to simplify access to hardware capabilities. SALT implements several mechanisms to comply with organisation issues presented in the Services Oriented Computing realm dealing with Services interactions, adapted to the specific constraints of the IoT. This work details SALT's concepts, formalism and implementation

D-LITe : Distributed Logic for Internet of Things sErvices

International audienceSmartphones, PDA, Sensors, Actuators, Phidgets and Smart Objects (i.e. objects with processing and networking capabilities) are more and more present in everyday's life. Merging all these technologies with the Internet is often described as 'Internet of Things' (IoT). In the IoT vision, Things around us provide a pervasive network of interacting and interconnected devices. However building IoT applications is a long and arduous work, reserved for specialists, requiring specific knowledges in terms of network protocols and programming languages. The lack of widespread and easy-to-configure solutions is an obstacle for the development of this area. A universal framework, offering simplification and standardization, could facilitate the emergence of this promising field in terms of applications and business. IoT needs a solid foundation for rapid, simple development and deployment of new services. In this paper, we present DLITe, a universal framework for building IoT applications over heterogeneous sets of small devices. D-LITe offers solutions for deploying application's logic, and executing it on Smart Objects despite their heterogeneity. An implementation of DLITe on tiny devices, such as TelosB motes, allows to show that our framework is realistic even with the constraints of such devices

5G Vehicle-to-Everything at the Cross-Borders: Security Challenges and Opportunities

5G Vehicle-to-Everything (5G-V2X) communications will play a vital role in the development of the automotive industry. Indeed and thanks to the Network Slicing (NS) concept of 5G and beyond networks (B5G), unprecedented new vehicular use–cases can be supported on top of the same physical network. NS promises to enable the sharing of common network infrastructure and resources while ensuring strict traffic isolation and providing necessary network resources to each NS. However, enabling NS in vehicular networks brings new security challenges and requirements that automotive or 5G standards have not yet addressed. Attackers can exploit the weakest link in the slicing chain, connected and automated vehicles, to violate the slice isolation and degrade its performance. Furthermore, these attacks can be more powerful, especially if they are produced in cross-border areas of two countries, which require an optimal network transition from one operator to another. Therefore, this article aims to provide an overview of newly enabled 5G-V2X slicing use cases and their security issues while focusing on cross-border slicing attacks. It also presents the open security issues of 5G-V2X slicing and identifies some opportunities

Towards Crowd-Centric Service Composition enabling the realisation of the Internet of Things Paradigm

Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks Technical CommitteeA new world in which our environment provides services, interacts with you and the things you own, that fits to your needs, depending on your choices, your specifications, and that helps you to enjoy it, are the promises of the arising domain of the "Internet of Things". Though, the buzz surrounding this new field of computer technologies is still facing many problematics who need to be resolved in order to enable its real-life raise-up. A global solution, both adapted to the constraints of these new elements (the “Things” or “Objects”) and compatible with the existing Internet architecture must be defined to provide a viable framework for the development of this field

Architecture et protocoles applicatifs pour la chorégraphie de services dans l'Internet des objets

The challenges which the Internet of objects put are for the measure of the transformations which this technology may pull in our daily report to our environment. Our own objects, and billions of others, will have processing capacities of the data and connection to the network, certainly limited but effective. Then, these objects will be equipped with a digital dimension, and will become accessible in a completely new way. It is not only the promise of an original access to the object, but well and truly the succession of a new perception and an interaction with what what surrounds us. The applications of the ubiquitaire Computing will use mainly the interactions between objects, and the sum of their actions / reactions will offer a real added valueLes défis que l'Internet des objets posent sont à la mesure des transformations que cette technologie est susceptible d'entraîner dans notre rapport quotidien à notre environnement. Nos propres objets, et des milliards d'autres, disposeront de capacités de traitement des données et de connexion au réseau, certes limitées mais effectives. Alors, ces objets se doteront d'une dimension numérique, et deviendront accessibles d'un façon tout à fait nouvelle. Ce n'est pas seulement la promesse d'un accès original à l'objet, mais bel et bien l'avènement d'une nouvelle perception et interaction avec ce qui nous entoure. Les applications de l'Informatique ubiquitaire utiliseront majoritairement les interactions entre objets, et la somme de leurs actions/réactions offrira une véritable valeur ajoutée. Mais l'hétérogénéité des composants matériels et des réseaux empruntés freine considérablement l'essor de l'Internet des objets. L'objectif de cette thèse est de proposer une solution effective et le cadre nécessaire à la construction de telles applications. Après avoir montré la pertinence des solutions chorégraphiées et quantifié le gain acquis sur des structures de communication arborescentes, nous présenterons D-LITe, notre framework, qui appréhende chaque objet comme étant fournisseur de services. Grâce à son approche REST assurant l'interopérabilité dans l'assortiment des composants et réseaux de l'Internet des objets, le framework D-LITe, hébergé par chaque objet (et adapté à ses contraintes), fournit un contrôle distant, aussi bien pour sa reprogrammation dynamique que les échanges avec ses partenaires. Nous poursuivrons en présentant SALT, le langage de programmation compris par D-LITe, basé sur les transducteurs à états fini. Outre son expressivité étendue aux particularités du domaine, SALT accorde un accès aux fonctionnalités de l'objet au travers d'une couche d'abstraction matérielle. Enfin, profitant de la standardisation offerte par D-LITe pour la programmation de chaque composant en particulier, une solution de composition, BeC3, va offrir un moyen efficace pour construire une application complète par assemblage des comportement distribués, tout en respectant la cohérence des interactions entre objets, par l'intermédiaire d'une abstraction des échanges et de leur modélisation. Aussi sommes-nous, par la résolution des problématiques rencontrées à chacun des différents niveaux, capables de présenter une solution simple, cohérente et fonctionnelle à même de bâtir réellement et efficacement des applications robustes pour l'Internet des objet

Towards Crowd-Centric Service Composition enabling the realisation of the Internet of Things Paradigm

Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks Technical CommitteeA new world in which our environment provides services, interacts with you and the things you own, that fits to your needs, depending on your choices, your specifications, and that helps you to enjoy it, are the promises of the arising domain of the "Internet of Things". Though, the buzz surrounding this new field of computer technologies is still facing many problematics who need to be resolved in order to enable its real-life raise-up. A global solution, both adapted to the constraints of these new elements (the “Things” or “Objects”) and compatible with the existing Internet architecture must be defined to provide a viable framework for the development of this field